Amabhethri e-Li-ion akhona cishe yonke indawo. Asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezisuka kumakhalekhukhwini namalaptop kuya ezimotweni ezixubile nezikagesi. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion aya ngokuya aduma ezinhlelweni ezinkulu ezifana ne-Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPSs) kanye ne-stationary Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs).
Ibhethri idivayisi ehlanganisa iseli ye-electrochemical eyodwa noma amaningi anoxhumo lwangaphandle lokunika amandla izinto zikagesi. Uma ibhethri linikeza amandla kagesi, itheminali yalo ephozithivu yi-cathode, kanti ukuphela kwalo okuyinegative yi-anode. Itheminali ephawulwe njengenegethivu iwumthombo wama-electron azogeleza kusekethe kagesi yangaphandle aye kutheminali ephozithivu.
Uma ibhethri lixhunywe kumandla kagesi wangaphandle, ukusabela kwe-redox (reduction-oxidation) kuguqula ama-reactants aphezulu abe yimikhiqizo yamandla aphansi, futhi umehluko wamandla amahhala ulethwa kumjikelezo wangaphandle njengamandla kagesi. Ngokomlando igama elithi "ibhethri" lalibhekisela ngokukhethekile kudivayisi eyakhiwe amaseli amaningi; kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kuthuthukile ukuze kufake amadivayisi akhiwe iseli elilodwa.
Ibhethri ye-lithium-ion isebenza kanjani?
Amabhethri amaningi e-Li-ion abelana ngomklamo ofanayo ohlanganisa i-metal oxide positive electrode (cathode) embozwe kumqoqi wamanje we-aluminium, i-electrode eyinegethivu (i-anode) eyenziwe nge-carbon/graphite embozwe eqoqweni lamanje lethusi, isihlukanisi kanye ne-electrolyte eyenziwe usawoti we-lithium ku-solvent ephilayo.
Ngenkathi ibhethri likhipha futhi linikeza amandla kagesi, i-electrolyte ithwala i-lithium ion ene-positive isuka ku-anode iye ku-cathode futhi ngokuphambene nalokho ngokusebenzisa isihlukanisi. Ukunyakaza kwama-ion e-lithium kudala ama-electron amahhala ku-anode okudala ukushaja kumqoqi wamanje omuhle. Ugesi ube usugeleza usuka kusiqoqi wamanje ngocingo olunikwa amandla (umakhalekhukhwini, ikhompuyutha, njll.) uye kumqoqi wamanje ongemuhle. Isihlukanisi sivimba ukuhamba kwama-electron ngaphakathi kwebhethri.
Ngesikhathi sokushaja, umthombo wamandla kagesi wangaphandle (isifunda sokushaja) usebenzisa i-over-voltage (i-voltage ephakeme kunaleyo ekhiqizwa ibhethri, ye-polarity efanayo), okuphoqa amandla amanje ashajayo ukuba ageleze ngaphakathi kwebhethri ukusuka kwephozithivu ukuya ku-electrode ekwesobunxele, okungukuthi ngokuhlehla kwamandla okukhipha amanzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Ama-ion e-lithium abe esefuduka esuka kwephozithivu aye ku-electrode eyinegethivu, lapho eshumekwa entweni ye-electrode enezimbotshana ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-inter-calation.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-26-2022